The aim of this paper is to consider whether critical rationalism has any ideas which could usefully be applied to the INTERNET.  Today we tend to take the INTERNET for granted and it is easy to forget that it was only about two decades ago that it began to be used to any significant extent. Accordingly in section 1 of the paper, there is a brief consideration of the history of the INTERNET.  At first sight this makes it looks implausible that any of Popper’s ideas could be applicable to the INTERNET, since Popper died before the INTERNET came into general use.  However, section 2 argues that Popper’s theory of World 3 does apply very well to the INTERNET.  This application is significant because, as shown in section 3, it leads to the problem of misinformation, which is one of the most significant problems generated by the INTERNET.  In section 4 there is an attempt to solve this problem using ideas taken from Popper’s epistemology. It is argued that there should be changes in education designed to prepare students for the INTERNET age. Teaching in the INTERNET age should focus on presenting to the students not just the accepted theories but also the evidence on which they are based. An illustration of how this might be done is given by considering an example from science teaching, namely the teaching of Newtonian mechanics in the last years of school or first years of university.

The ever - increasing expansion of relations and human contacts in different fields, especially in economy, has caused that monetary and banking dealings also proportionally increase and develop. The emphasis of Islamic jurisprudence on the unlawfulness of usurious TRANSACTIONS among the followers of Islam and it's undisputed reasons has raised this question for many people as to the range of the domain of this prohibition the kinds of TRANSACTIONS and economic relations they can maintain.This paper tries to introduce a way for the researchers at the country's economic and banking field in which cases they can enter usurious TRANSACTIONS, and where they cannot. At the beginning of this paper the writer has tried to explicate the relevant terms in jurisprudence, law and economy.

In Legal Terminology, Collateral is as back of loan repayment or for obligation responsibility. Despite that Collateral in economics has different functions. In this paper we focus on Economic functions of Secured Transaction, and its role in Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. The Economic efficiency of the collateral is cleared by economic analysis and the theory of efficient breach that comprehensive secured transaction is able to make efficiental location of goods and services and finally strong economic functions. In studying this collaterally Institution we get that this formality can effect on positive role in economic development by access to credit easily. So for increasing Economic officiency of secured Transaction, we need to revise our laws and regulations that have been mentioned in international reports about this approach.

Determination of the parties is the base of TRANSACTIONS and because determination which is internal action to be active in law should include external aspect.In other words, real determination is the basic element in TRANSACTIONS.Does the basic element of TRANSACTIONS relate to internal or external determination of the parties.In this essay, the writers want to express two theories of internal and external determination and represent the modest theory in Islamic lawful system.

From Islamic point of view, economic corruption is a deviation from religious rules in all economic fields, and the concept of "forbidden businesses" is a precise and deep equivalent for the concept of economic corruption in the Islamic-Shiite tradition. Government TRANSACTIONS are one of the major methods of budget spending and are therefore one of the legal tools to commit economic corruption. The importance and necessity of government procurement and its fundamental and positive role in the trade of goods and services has led governments to take steps to regulate government procurement in response to this concern in their plans. Considering the principles of jurisprudence, the fundamental and principal strategies in fighting and avoiding collusion have been considered in achieving transparency, and it can provide an effective and practical solution to be taken into account in domestic laws and regulations. The result of the research showed that our country's laws on government TRANSACTIONS do not fit well with those of the world, and, despite the current state of affairs, transparency and non-discrimination should be taken into account in existing laws; the current domestic laws on combating corruption in government TRANSACTIONS are not up-to-date and efficient and have shortcomings that make corruption possible.

Right of Retention in Securities TRANSACTIONS In the capital market, there is a range of TRANSACTIONS between the issuer and the investor or between the securities buyer’ s and seller’ s brokers. These TRANSACTIONS, like other kinds TRANSACTIONS in the non-regulated markets, require efficient rules and sanctions. Some of the sanctions are individually restricted to the capital market TRANSACTIONS and have been enacted by the Securities Exchange Organization and Securities and Exchange High Counsel. Some other sanctions can be drawn out of the general rules governing contracts. It is expected that right of retention, as a general rule governing contracts, is applicable in capital market TRANSACTIONS, as well. However, given the specific rules governing the securities market and the necessity of using brokers’ services in this market, there are some skepticisms on the right of retention in securities TRANSACTIONS. This study, in a descriptive-analytic way, shows that despite the fact that the right of retention is the general rule of contracts, there are serious skepticisms regarding its application in securities TRANSACTIONS because of the unique nature of these TRANSACTIONS and the fact that these TRANSACTIONS are realized through brokers and central depository company. This is sometimes for the purpose of protecting investors in the context of capital market regulations but some other times violates both investors’ and brokers’ rights. Therefore, it is necessary to set up the Delivery vs. Payment (DVP) system to cover the gaps.

According to the sources of jurisprudence and civil law, one of the basic conditions for the correctness of every transaction is that both sides of transaction should be adult. The main question that may arise is that what is the view of jurisprudence and law about the usual TRANSACTIONS that today are being carried out in our society by immature people? This article is an attempt to make a critical study or the views of jurisprudents and lawyers and their proofs in this regard, and finally with reference to the principles and rules of jurisprudence and law and considering the place of custom in transaction the author tried to work out a logical and justifiable solution for such TRANSACTIONS.